Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2021 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome (HLS) is an immune-mediated life-threatening disease\nconsidered as a medical emergency, with a potentially fatal multisystem inflammatory outcome. We present a\npatient that developed HLS and was able to be diagnosed efficiently with the help of an academic research institute\nof immunology.\nCase presentation: A 21 years old male Mexican with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), late presenter; who\ndeveloped cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and a disseminated histoplasmosis-related HLS, as part of an immune\nreconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). The patient required a long course of corticotherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin\nand massive transfusions (more than 10 units in 24 h, and a total of 83 units), besides amphotericin-B and\nganciclovir treatment. An academic research institute of immunology aided in the accurate diagnosis of HLS with the\nimplementation of tests not available within the hospital, thus improving the care provided to the patient. The patient\nrecovered, was discharged, and continue to improve.\nConclusion: The objective of this report is to highlight the importance of having multidisciplinary support, including\nbasic medical sciences groups providing specific tests....................
Background: In resource poor countries like Ethiopia, little is known about the survival of patients treated with\nantiretroviral therapy which depends on different factors. Evidence shows that mortality has been high particularly\nin the first 3 to 6 months of initiating antiretroviral therapy. Hence, the study aimed to assess the Epidemiology of\nsurvival pattern and its determinants among adult HIV positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.\nMethods: Retrospective cohort study was employed among a total of 455 records of patients who were enrolled on\nantiretroviral therapy from September 2006 to August 2010. Socio-demographic, clinical, immunological, behavioral,\nand date of antiretroviral treatment initiation including date of follow up status were extracted. Significant predictor\nvariables were identified by fitting Coxâ??s proportional hazard model using a backward stepwise method and statistical\nsignificance variables were declared based on a p-value less than 0.05.\nResults: A total of 455 adult HIV/AIDS patients on ART contributed to..................................
Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa where HIV disproportionately affects women, heterosexual male sex workers\n(HMSW) and their female clients are at risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV and other STIs. However, few studies have\ndescribed HIV and STI risk among HMSW. We aimed to assess and compare recent HIV and syphilis screening practices\namong HMSW and female sex workers (FSW) in Uganda.\nMethods: Between August and December 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 100 HMSW and 240\nfemale sex workers (FSW). Participants were enrolled through snowball sampling, and an interviewer-administered\nquestionnaire used to collect data on HIV and syphilis testing in the prior 12 and 6 months respectively. Integrated\nchange model constructs were used to assess intentions, attitudes, social influences, norms and self-efficacy of\n3-monthly Syphilis and 6-monthly HIV testing. Predictors of HIV and syphilis recent testing behaviors were estimated\nusing negative binomial regression.........................
Background: Despite years of Paediatric Antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria,\nthe National implementation plan for the scale up of viral load testing was\nonly recently launched. Viral load determination is the most important indicator\nof ART response. Material & methods: First viral load samples were collected\nfrom 663 children living with HIV between December 2017-December\n2019 aged 0 - 18 years on highly active antiretroviral therapy from 4 states\nwithin Nigeria. Samples were analyzed at a Polymerase Chain Reaction laboratory\nof the Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. Results: Males were 311\n(46.9%) and 352 (53.1%) female.....................................
Background: Real-time, objective measures of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre-exposure prophylaxis\n(PrEP) are needed to better assess adherence levels and to expedite clinical response for those with suboptimal\nadherence. Point-of-care tenofovir (POC-TFV) testing has been proposed as a solution to facilitate real-time antiretroviral\nadherence monitoring, but little is known about how health care providers, people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving\nART, and people receiving PrEP will perceive POC-TFV testing.\nMethods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study to assess perspectives on the utility and interest in POCTFV\ntesting from potential end users. We conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs) among 17 PLWH receiving\nART and four individuals receiving PrEP, as well as eight in-depth interviews (IDIs) with health care providers in\nthe Seattle area and presented participants with a hypothetical urine-based POC-TFV test. FGDs and IDIs were audio\nrecorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed to describe emerging themes.\nResults: Overall, study participants demonstrated divergent opinions about the POC-TFV test. Among study participants,\nPLWH were most ambivalent about POC-TFV testing, first demonstrating reluctance to TFV-level monitoring\nand shifting positions during the FGDs. However, all PLWH participants were receptive......................
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is among the most common opportunistic infections identified in patients\nwith HIV/AIDS. CMV often targets the colon in such patients. However, the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and\nProgrammed death-1 (PD-1) in intestinal CMV infection is unclear. In this study, we evaluate the expression of programmed\ndeath -1 (PD-1) and its association with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with HIV/AIDS having CMV\ncolitis.\nMethods: CMV was detected in the intestinal mucosal biopsy samples via nucleic acid in situ hybridization..............................
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